多孔金属薄膜阻尼减振微观机理研究

研究了多孔金属薄膜的阻尼性能和微观机理. 采用分子动力学方法及扫描电镜(SEM) 原位观察实验手段对多孔金属薄膜阻尼进行研究, 得出金属薄膜应变滞后于应力周期性变化以及弹性势能周期性衰减的规律, 并通过应变滞后应力的时间差求得损耗因子; 从微观结构上可看出, 在薄膜孔缺陷附近\langle110angle晶向上经历了位错产生、 并且位错呈阶梯状向前发射的变化; 在SEM原位拉伸、卸载实验中观察到有微裂纹的萌生、斜向阶梯扩展、收缩及消失的周期过程. 结果表明: 在周期载荷作用下, 多孔金属薄膜的孔缺陷附近产生的位错可以挣脱开弱钉扎点并限制在强钉扎点上, 由于位错的变化及附近晶界间的相对滑动产生内摩擦, 消耗了系统的部分弹性势能, 引起金属薄膜的阻尼减振效应, 从而揭示了多孔金属涂层阻尼产生的微观机理.     

光学薄膜诱导偏振像差对大数值孔径光学系统聚焦特性的影响

大数值孔径光学系统表面光线的入射角较大, 会导致薄膜的偏振分离, 诱发偏振像差, 影响光学系统的聚焦特性. 本文利用矢量光衍射理论, 建立了光学薄膜各参量与光学系统聚焦光场的模型. 利用该模型分析了线偏振光入射时, 光学薄膜对光学系统聚焦光斑的扰动. 在此基础上, 探讨了应用了不同约束条件下得到的光学薄膜对最终聚焦光场的影响, 确定了减小薄膜扰动光学系统光斑的设计方法, 即额外添加透射率差和位相差的约束条件, 并且适当增加位相差约束的权重. 利用该方法优化设计的薄膜, 相比于普通减反膜而言, 对系统聚焦光场中心强度的提升可达约12.5%.     

Cr靶电流对Cr改性类石墨薄膜摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射离子镀设备,在不同Cr靶电流参数下制备Cr改性类石墨薄膜,测试了薄膜的硬度、结合强度、摩擦系数和比磨损率,采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察薄膜的显微结构.结果表明:改变Cr靶电流不仅能够改变薄膜的化学成分,而且能够改变薄膜的显微结构;随着Cr靶电流增加,薄膜的断口出现纤维状结构,并逐渐发展为柱状结构;Cr的加入使得类石墨薄膜形成周期性层状结构;在干摩擦条件下,随着Cr靶的电流增加,GLC膜的摩擦系数先减小而后增大;当载荷较小时,薄膜的比磨损率随Cr靶电流的增加而增大,载荷较大时薄膜的比磨损率变化不大.化学成分和显微结构的变化引起GLC膜硬度和韧性的变化,从而改变了薄膜的摩擦磨损性能.     

二硫化钼粘结固体润滑涂层的径向和切向微动损伤的比较研究

通过径向和切向微动试验考察了二硫化钼粘结固体润滑涂层的微动摩擦学特性 ,并利用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散谱和X射线光电子能谱等分析了两类微动损伤区的微观特征 .结果表明 :二硫化钼粘结固体润滑涂层具有良好的抗径向微动损伤性能 ;切向微动条件下无混合区存在 ,涂层损伤强烈依赖于位移幅值 ,并伴随MoS2 的氧化 ;径向微动损伤呈现切向微动部分滑移区的特征     

等离子喷涂碳化铬－镍铬涂层的摩擦学特性

在发展新型高效节能的汽车和飞机发动机用耐磨材料中，碳化铬－镍铬涂层是很有开发前景的材料之一．为了扩大这种涂层的应用领域并为其应用提供科学依据，用ＭＭ－２００磨损试验机，研究了等离子喷涂碳化铬－镍铬（质量比为３∶１）涂层分别与不锈钢、热压烧结Ｓｉ３Ｎ４和石墨组成摩擦副的摩擦学特性；用扫描电子显微镜、Ｘ射线能量色散谱仪和Ｘ射线衍射技术，考察了磨痕和磨屑的形貌、元素分布和物相组成；讨论了涂层分别与给定的３种材料配副时的磨损机理．结果表明：涂层与不同材料对摩时的磨损量差别很大，磨损机理也明显不同——涂层与不锈钢对摩时的磨损表现为层状颗粒的断裂与剥离；涂层与Ｓｉ３Ｎ４对摩时的磨损主要表现为涂层颗粒的断裂和断裂颗粒的脱碳氧化；石墨对涂层具有润滑作用     

稀土对Fe基合金激光熔覆层抗磨性能的影响

在Fe基合金粉末中引入La2O3,通过激光熔覆得到了同基材结合良好的熔覆层,用扫描电子显微镜观察了稀土含量对熔覆层组织形貌的影响,用显微硬度计测量了熔覆层的硬度分布,并采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机考察了不同熔覆层在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,引入稀土有利于促进晶粒细化,提高熔覆层的组织均匀性及表面硬度,从而改善熔覆层的摩擦磨损性能.     

摩擦副材料对二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼添加剂摩擦学特性的影响

选择等离子喷涂钼合金层、渗氮层以及镀铬层为摩擦副材料 ,以全配方矿物基发动机油 SJ/ 5 W- 30作为基础润滑油 ,研究了上述 3种摩擦副材料对油溶性二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼 (Mo DTC)添加剂摩擦学特性的影响 .结果表明 :Mo DTC的摩擦学特性与摩擦副材料类型有关 ;采用喷钼层、渗氮层及镀铬层作为摩擦副材料 ,Mo DTC均表现出减摩和抗磨作用 ,对渗氮层的减摩抗磨效果最佳 .X射线光电子能谱分析表明 :摩擦副材料类型对添加剂中的 Mo和 S的化学状态和相对含量均有影响 ;摩擦副材料类型不同时 ,Mo DTC摩擦学行为的差异与其在磨损表面形成的 Mo S2 以及 Mo O3 、Fe S和磷酸盐等物质的含量有关     

An experimental investigation on pool boiling heat transfer enhancement using Cu-Al2O3 nano-composite coating

Pool boiling heat transfer performances of Cu-Al₂O₃-coated copper surfaces have been studied experimentally for its potential use in heat transfer applications. In the present study, a two-step electrochemical deposition method is examined. This method provides an easy control on surface properties such as porosity and coating thickness. The deposition method is studied carefully and responsible surface morphology parameters are reported. After performing the pool boiling experiments on coated surfaces with DI water, the maximum critical heat flux of 1800 kW/m² and heat transfer coefficient of 193 kW/m² K, which are 68% and 260% higher than that of bare surface, respectively.     

Study on the changes of ultrasonic parameters over supercritical Ni-Co electroplating process

This work discusses the influence of changes to ultrasound (US) parameters over the nickel cobalt (Ni-Co) metal thin film properties produced by supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) electroplating. Additionally, Ni-Co films were produced by conventional electroplating and silent SC-CO₂ and compared against each other.The discussion on metal thin film properties revolves around variations to the bath type ultrasonic power (15 W and 20 W) and frequency (42 k Hz and 72 kHz) during experiments. The properties provided by the three electroplating processes and analyzed include: grain sizes, film elemental content analyses, surface microstructures, film hardness, corrosion resistance, surface roughness, crystalline structure and preferential growth, etc. From the results it was clear that quality of films produced by US-SC-CO₂ was improved compared to that of films produced by silent SC-CO₂, which itself was better than those produced by conventional electroplating. However, when US power was varied we observed a decline in the mechanical properties of the produced films.The combination of ultrasonic agitation with SC-CO₂ allows for improved mechanical properties such as: lower surface roughness, finer grain size and surface morphologies, increased corrosion resistance and film hardness. The ultrasound agitation applied to SC-CO₂ electroplating enhanced the formation of alloyed metal as ultrasonic agitation increased the electrolyte flowability during electroplating process resulting in increased mass transfer while at the same time achieving a surface cleaning effect which removed metal ions with poor adhesion and other unwanted particles. Moreover, application of ultrasonic agitation avoids the use of surfactants so only changes to the physical phenomena and no changes to the chemical composition of the deposited thin films were observed, meaning less pollution to the electrolyte and higher purity of the deposited films.The US-SC-CO₂ electroplating method described in this work effectively enhanced the mechanical properties of the deposited thin films compared to those produced by both silent SC-CO₂ and conventional electroplating processes.     

Fabrication of high-performance nickel/graphene oxide composite coatings using ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition

Ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition was used to fabricate the nickel/graphene oxide composite coatings with high hardness, low friction coefficient, and high wear resistance. In the present study, the effects of ultrasonic power and concentration of graphene oxide on the mechanical and tribological properties of the electrodeposited nickel/graphene oxide composite coatings were systematically studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the crystallite size of the nickel decreased with an increase of ultrasonic power (0–50 W, 40 KHz, square wave) and concentration of graphene oxide (0.1–0.4 g/L). Morphologies of the surface and cross-section of the composite coatings observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the existence of graphene oxide particles in the nickel matrix. The results from microhardness measurement demonstrated that the hardness was increased by 1.8 times using 50 W ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition with the fixed concentration of graphene oxide (0.1 g/L), compared to the pure nickel coating. The hardness was increased by 4.4 times for the 0.4 g/L graphene oxide with the optimized ultrasonic power of 50 W in comparison to the pure nickel coating. Meanwhile, the friction coefficient decreased gradually with an increase in ultrasonic power and concentration of graphene oxide, respectively, where the effect of the concentration of graphene oxide played a more important role.